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Any of the non-metallic elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine existing in a free statehalogens are enclosed within the arc tube of a Metal Halide (MH) lamp.

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Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
halogen (noun)
any of the five elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine that form part of group VIIA of the periodic table and exist in the free state normally as diatomic molecules
halogen (adjective)
containing, using, or being a halogen - a halogen lamp
Halogen (Wikipedia)

The halogens (/ˈhæləən, ˈh-, -l-, -ˌɛn/) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to be more like that of gallium. In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.

Halogens
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
chalcogens  noble gases
IUPAC group number 17
Name by element fluorine group
Trivial name halogens
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
VIIA
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
VIIB
↓ Period
2
Image: Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures
Fluorine (F)
9 Halogen
3
Image: Chlorine gas
Chlorine (Cl)
17 Halogen
4
Image: Liquid bromine
Bromine (Br)
35 Halogen
5
Image: Iodine crystal
Iodine (I)
53 Halogen
6 Astatine (At)
85 Halogen
7 Tennessine (Ts)
117 Halogen

Legend

primordial element
element from decay
Synthetic

The word "halogen" means "salt former" or "salt maker". When halogens react with metals, they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common table salt), silver bromide, and potassium iodide.

The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from minerals or salts. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic.


Halogen (Wiktionary)

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, salt" or "sea) + γεν- (gen-), "to produce" (coined by Berzelius in 1842). By surface analysis, halo- (salt) +‎ -gen (forming).

Pronunciation

  • enPR: hălʹə-jən, hāʹlə-jən
  • IPA(key): /ˈhæl.ə.d͡ʒən/, /ˈheɪ.lə.d͡ʒən/

Noun

halogen (plural halogens)

  1. (chemistry) Any element of group 17, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine
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halide, reactive nonmetal, group 17 element, fluorine family, salt-former
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