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A tool developed by British geneticist, Reginald Punnett, used by biologists to predict the probability of possible genotypes of offspring.

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Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
Punnett square (noun)
an × square used in genetics to calculate the frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross - n n
Punnett Square (Wikipedia)

The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach in 1905. The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. The Punnett square is a tabular summary of possible combinations of maternal alleles with paternal alleles. These tables can be used to examine the genotypical outcome probabilities of the offspring of a single trait (allele), or when crossing multiple traits from the parents.

A Punnett square showing a typical test cross. (Green pod color is dominant over yellow for pea pods in contrast to pea seeds, where yellow cotyledon color is dominant over green).
Punnett squares for each combination of parents' colour vision status giving probabilities of their offsprings' status, each cell having 25% probability in theory.

The Punnett square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance, a fundamental concept in genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel. For multiple traits, using the "forked-line method" is typically much easier than the Punnett square. Phenotypes may be predicted with at least better-than-chance accuracy using a Punnett square, but the phenotype that may appear in the presence of a given genotype can in some instances be influenced by many other factors, as when polygenic inheritance and/or epigenetics are at work.

Genetic Grid, Inheritance Chart, Mendelian Checkerboard, Genetic Predictor, Heredity Diagram

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