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Limonene is the second most abundant terpene in all cannabis strains, but not all strains necessarily have it. As its name says, limonene gives strains a citrusy smell that resembles lemons, which is no surprise as all citrus fruits contain large amounts of this compound. Limonene is used in cosmetics and also in cleaning products. For therapeutic purposes, limonene is known to improve mood and reduce stress. Researchers also found it to have antifungal and antibacterial properties and one research even found it to have a role in reducing tumor size.

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Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
limonene (noun)
a widely distributed terpene hydrocarbon CH that occurs in essential oils (as of oranges or lemons) and has a lemon odor - 10 16
Limonene (Wikipedia)

Limonene (/ˈlɪmənˌn/) is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. The (+)-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products. The less common (−)-isomer has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.

Limonene
Skeletal structure of the (R)-isomer
Skeletal structure of the (R)-isomer
Ball-and-stick model of the (R)-isomer
Ball-and-stick model of the (R)-isomer
Limonene (R)-isomer
Limonene extracted from orange peels.
Limonene extracted from orange peels.
Limonene extracted from orange peel
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
Other names
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
p-Menth-1,8-diene
Racemic: DL-Limonene; Dipentene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.856 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3 checkY
    Key: XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C
Properties
C10H16
Molar mass 136.238 g·mol−1
Appearance colorless liquid
Odor Orange
Density 0.8411 g/cm3
Melting point −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F; 198.80 K)
Boiling point 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K)
Insoluble
Solubility Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, CS2, and oils
soluble in CCl4
87–102°
1.4727
Thermochemistry
−6.128 MJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Skin sensitizer / Contact dermatitis – After aspiration, pulmonary oedema, pneumonitis, and death
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H226, H304, H315, H317, H410
P210, P233, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P333+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
2
0
Flash point 50 °C (122 °F; 323 K)
237 °C (459 °F; 510 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Limonene takes its name from Italian limone ("lemon"). Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains (+)-limonene (d-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer. (+)-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.

Limonene (Wiktionary)

English

Etymology

From German Limonen.

Noun

limonene (countable and uncountable, plural limonenes)

  1. (organic chemistry) A monoterpene hydrocarbon 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene found in the essential oils of oranges, lemons and similar fruit, and mainly responsible for their fragrance

Translations

See also

  • lemonene

References

 Read More
Citrus terpene, D-limonene, L-limonene, Dipentene, Carvene
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