"Guam"

Guam (/ˈɡwɑːm/ ^ⓘ GWAHM; Chamorro: Guåhan [ˈɡʷɑhɑn]) is an island that is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, and the most populous village is Dededo. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States, as measured from the geographic center of the U.S. In Oceania, Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. In 2022, its population was 168,801. Chamorros are its largest ethnic group, but a minority on the multiethnic island. The territory spans 210 square miles (540 km²; 130,000 acres) and has a population density of 775 per square mile (299/km²).

Guam
Unincorporated and organized U.S. territory
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):  "Tånó y Chamoru" (Chamorro) (English: "Land of the Chamorro")
Motto:  "Tånó I' Man Chamoru" (Chamorro) (English: "Land of the Chamorros")
Anthem: "Stand Ye Guamanians" (regional) "The Star-Spangled Banner" (official)
Location of Guam (circled in red)
Sovereign state	United States
Before annexation	Spanish East Indies
Cession from Spain	December 10, 1898
Capital	Hagåtña
Largest city	Dededo
Official languages	English Chamorro
Ethnic groups (2010)	49.3% Pacific Islander 36.6% Asian 9.4% Multiracial 7.1% White 0.6% Other
Religion (2010)	94.1% Christianity 1.7% No religion 1.5% Folk religions 1.1% Buddhism 1.6% Other
Demonym(s)	Guamanian
Government	Devolved presidential dependency within a federal republic
• President	Donald Trump (R)
• Governor	Lou Leon Guerrero (D)
• Lieutenant Governor	Josh Tenorio (D)
Legislature	Legislature of Guam
United States Congress
• House delegate	James Moylan (R)
Area
• Total	210 sq mi (540 km2)
Highest elevation	1,335 ft (407 m)
Population
• 2021 estimate	168,801 (177th)
• Density	299/km2 (774.4/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$5.8 billion
• Per capita	$35,600
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$6.3 billion
• Per capita	$37,387
HDI (2017)	0.901 very high
Currency	United States dollar (US$) (USD)
Time zone	UTC+10:00 (ChST)
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy
Driving side	Right
Calling code	+1
USPS abbreviation	GU
ISO 3166 code	GU US-GU
Internet TLD	.gu
Website	guam.gov

Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorro, who are related to the Austronesian peoples of the Malay Archipelago, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Polynesia. Unlike most of its neighbors, the Chamorro language is not classified as a Micronesian or Polynesian language. Like Palauan, it possibly constitutes an independent branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language family. The Chamorro people settled Guam and the Mariana islands approximately 3,500 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit and claim the island in March 1521. Guam was fully colonized by Spain in 1668. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Guam was an important stopover for Spanish Manila galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam in June 1898. Under the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the U.S. effective April 11, 1899.

Before World War II, Guam was one of five American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean, along with Wake Island in Micronesia, American Samoa and Hawaii in Polynesia, and the Philippines. On December 8, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, who occupied the island for two and a half years before American forces recaptured it on July 21, 1944, which is commemorated there as Liberation Day. Since the 1960s, Guam's economy has been supported primarily by tourism and the U.S. military, for which Guam is a major strategic asset. Its future political status has been a matter of significant discussion, with public opinion polls indicating a strong preference for American statehood.

Guam's de facto motto is "Where America's Day Begins", which refers to the island's proximity to the International Date Line. Guam is among the 17 non-self-governing territories listed by the United Nations, and has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983.

Guam is called Guåhan by Chamorro speakers, from the word guaha, meaning 'to have'. Its English gloss 'we have' references the island's providing everything needed to live.