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"Paraquat"

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Industry Terms

Paraquat, a term that might not roll off the tongue easily, is a powerful herbicide that has been a staple in agricultural weed control since its introduction in the 1960s. The name “Paraquat” is derived from its chemical structure, specifically the para-position of the quaternary ammonium groups. While it has been praised for its effectiveness in eliminating unwanted plants, its use in the cannabis industry has been met with significant scrutiny. This is due to its high toxicity and the potential health risks it poses to both consumers and the environment. Over the years, the meaning of Paraquat has evolved, especially within the cannabis community, where there’s a growing emphasis on organic and sustainable farming practices. As a result, many cannabis cultivators are moving away from using Paraquat, opting instead for safer, more #2excludeGlossary alternatives. This shift highlights the industry’s commitment to providing consumers with cleaner, healthier products. [Source: Environmental Protection Agency]

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Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
paraquat (noun)
a highly toxic contact herbicide containing a salt of a cation [CHN] - 12 14 2 2+
Paraquat (Wikipedia)
This article is about the herbicide. For the British military operation to recapture South Georgia Island during the Falklands War, see Operation Paraquet.

Paraquat (trivial name; /ˈpærəkwɒt/), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is a toxic organic compound with the chemical formula [(C6H7N)2]Cl2. It is classified as a viologen, a family of redox-active heterocycles of similar structure. It is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide. It is quick-acting and non-selective, killing green plant tissue on contact.

Paraquat
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,1′-Dimethyl[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium dichloride
Other names
Paraquat dichloride; Methyl viologen dichloride; MVCl2; Crisquat; Dexuron; Esgram; Gramuron; Ortho Paraquat CL; Para-col; Pillarxone; Tota-col; Toxer Total; PP148; Cyclone; Gramixel; Gramoxone; Pathclear; AH 501; Bai Cao Ku.
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.016.015 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 checkY
    Key: FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2/fC12H14N2.2Cl/h;2*1h/qm;2*-1
  • InChI=1/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-NUQVWONBAF
  • C[n+]1ccc(cc1)c2cc[n+](cc2)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]
Properties
C12H14Cl2N2
Molar mass 257.16 g·mol−1
Appearance Yellow solid
Odor faint, ammonia-like
Density 1.25 g/cm3
Melting point 175 to 180 °C (347 to 356 °F; 448 to 453 K)
Boiling point > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
High
Vapor pressure <0.0000001 mmHg (20 °C)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Toxic, environmental hazard
GHS labelling:
GHS06: Toxic GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
H301, H311, H315, H319, H330, H335, H372, H410
P260, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
57 mg/kg (rat, oral)
120 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
25 mg/kg (dog, oral)
22 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
3 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min respirable dust)
3 mg/m3 (guinea pig, 30 min respirable dust)
1 mg/m3 (rat, respirable dust, 6 h)
6400 mg/m3 (rat, nonrespirable dust, 4 h)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (resp) [skin]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (resp) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1 mg/m3
Safety data sheet (SDS) Aldrich MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Paraquat is highly toxic to humans and other animals. The toxicity and lethality depends on the dose and how the herbicide is absorbed by the body. In humans, paraquat damages the mouth, stomach, and intestines if it is ingested orally. Once absorbed in the body, paraquat causes particular damage to the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Paraquat's lethality is attributed to its enhancing production of superoxide anions and human lung cells can accumulate paraquat. Paraquat exposure has been strongly linked to the development of Parkinson's disease.

Paraquat may be in the form of salt with chloride or other anions; quantities of the substance are sometimes expressed by cation mass alone (paraquat cation, paraquat ion). The name is derived from the para positions of the quaternary nitrogens.

Paraquat (Wiktionary)

English

Etymology

From a trademark.

Noun

paraquat (countable and uncountable, plural paraquats)

  1. (chemistry) A poisonous yellow herbicide derived from bipyridine
 Read More
Paraquat, Gramoxone, Herbicide, Weed Killer, Bipyridyl Compound

Paraquat

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Frequently Asked Questions

1

ChatGTP

ChatGPT integration is also compatible with the Double-click feature. It means that when the user clicks on any word on the page, a tooltip will appear with an automatically generated definition by ChatGPT, even if the term is not defined as a glossary term.

2

Languages

Community “Wiki” terms can have multiple versions (ex. English, Spanish, French, etc.) so you can easily switch between languages & supports UTF-8 to use virtually all characters, even symbols (ex. mathematical operators, music notation, etc.).

3
Standards

Our Wiki follows WCAG 2.0 recommendations & it allows users with disabilities to navigate between terms using the keyboard & by adding ARIA attributes to help screen readers understand the context.

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What is this "Wiki" & how does the cannabis community benefit?

The Green CulturED Wiki enables you to explore, learn, and share through a knowledge base tailored to the cannabis industry. It functions like an encyclopedia, lexicon, glossary, wiki, or dictionary. This tool is useful for industry learners and professionals to learn more about resources, programs, and terms specifically in the cannabis sector.

Yes, new terms can be added by crafting individual entries, each with its own dedicated page and unique URL. By sharing resources, information, and industry information, users are able to foster community, growth, and learning. Once submitted, a glossary term is reviewed by the Green CulturED team, which will then approve or deny the submission. 

While the Green CulturED Community Wiki does not impose specific content restrictions, it is essential to adhere to general web content guidelines, which include avoiding misinformation and respecting copyright laws. For cannabis-related glossaries, it’s critical to ensure the accuracy and legality of the information presented. In addition, common courtesy and “netiquette” are part of our community user agreement, and it is crucial to maintain those levels of respect when adding new terms, comments, etc.

Glossary term categories serve as a reference tool that enhances usability, navigability, and educational value by organizing terms into groups such as industry brands, consulting firms, and seed banks.

The Green CulturED Wiki supports comments on individual glossary terms, enabling users to engage in discussions or leave feedback. This feature fosters collaborative learning and knowledge sharing within the cannabis community.
If you encounter incorrect or outdated information, please contact the site administrators directly or use the commenting feature to report inaccuracies for review and correction. Green CulturED Wiki allows for revisions, enabling updates and corrections.
Green CulturED Wiki utilizes user rights and capabilities for managing and reviewing user-contributed terms. Administrators can set specific permissions and establish review processes according to their policies.
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"Contribute & Edit/Update Our Community Wiki That Provides An Extensive Knowledgebase Where You'll Find Cannabis Industry Terms & Definitions..."

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